Method and means fok waving hxib



E. W. BOYDEN June 2, 1931' f METHOD AND MEANS FOR wAvING HAIR Re 18,088 original Filed July 2e, 192s INVENTOR M ATTORNEY Reissued June 2, 1931 UNITED .STATES ELIAS WHITNEY BOYDENVOFSPDKANE. WASHINGTON 'METHOD AND MEANS FOR WAVING HAIR OriginalNo. 1,671,177, dated Iay'29, 1928,'Ser1a1-=No. 125,466,led Ju1y28, 1926. Renewed Apr1`4., 1923. Application forreissue ledeeember 17,1929. ySerahiilo. 414,833.

.'Iheobject of this invention isto provide a novel method and means :for temporarily waving human hair.

'In :permanent waving, vthe hair fis first fr tightly twisted, :into a long roll, and then the `twisted roll is spirally wound about la heater of a rod-like contour andof small diameter. The heat applied, is of such a high 'temperature as to steam the tightly rolled and spirally wound hair. In order to make-the wave permanent, the hair is frequently jelled by the combined pressureof twistfand wind, in addition to the extreme temperature to which it is subjected, and 16 when the'hair is released, itsstructure has been changed in order to effect the permanency required andexpected. The'hair is not vmoistened '-.With water but 'with `.various oily materials that coact With the heat and 'the abnormal twist and'roll ofthe hairwith a view of causing the'hair to permanentlyv assume the false form desired.

In marcelling thehair, vthe latter is like- `wise subjected to a very high temperature, -on a .curlin iron, such as would produce steam, and `t e result is that gray or White hair is most always discolored, either in-:permanent waving or marcelling, andthenaturally colored hair'is burned and permanently injured.

The object-of this methodand apparatus is not to permanently wave the hair, but to temporarily cause the; latter toassume a wavy form. Hence, it is a feature'of this invention to only subject the hairto alow temperature, which is primarily, .a drying'out temperature, and not in any sense a steam producing temperature.

In accordance .with mynovel-method and apparatus, a-lock of hair is:rolled,.1untwisted, into a series of superimposed convolutions, into a single roll of hair, thelatter having been previously moistened with Water, and thenthe rolled hair-is subjected to heat only sufficient to vaporize of'the moisture.

It is a feature of my invention to roll the hair in sucha manner as to'cause1thesame to spread thereby greatly nfacilitating:the.application of heat thereto, and inthe most lpreferred form, theheat is appliediinternally of the rolled hair; the'exterior'being exposed for natural `drying or for the application thereto -of a gently vdrying heat :such =as a thermos lamp.

It is a further object of the inventionto 55 devise improved hair waving apparatus utilizing electrical Iheating means.

In the -mostimproved form'of:1ny invention, the v'drier is `or such :a 'relatively :enlargedfdiameter with respect to t-he heating y0 sticks used infpermanent Wavingandmarcel# ling'or hair eurlingirons, that the roll'ofhair is materially enlarged .with respectlto vthese otherA forms of treatment. i Y.

A further ffeature consists in :making Vthe 0odrier of afheat |retaining substancesuh 'as earthenware 'or fporcelain, `"the feature `consisting of a drier 'that will be lslowito `heat and will correspondingly retainzthe heat imparted thereto. Thus, the dryingofthehair, 'm in accordance Xwith my invention, iis --per-v formed by vthe gentle stored-up heat that naturally radiates olf from -my yimproved drier.

`My invention has other Efeatures and-ob- 76- jects which ywill 'be more fully described `in connection with ythe accompanying drawings, and lwhich will vbe more lparticularly pointed out in and by the ap nded claims.

Fig. `1 isla sectionalview'o my improved 4so drier Ashowing 'the heating stick applied thereto.

'Fig 2 is alview 'offtheheating stick-withdrawn :from the drier.

Figf is'a sectional vieW-of'thedrierwith lSI5 the heating stick withdrawn therefrom.

Fig-4de a top plan view oftherearportion of a head showing the drier vin'a rolled-up position and illustrating the manner=in which a thermos or-like shaded electric lamp may 90 be employed to assist in drying out vthe roll of'hair.

` Fig. `5 isa sideview of a head showin the manner in Which lthe drier is employee in Arollingup a lock of hair. 95

the drawings. 10o

First describing my improved drier, the same, it may be stated, is shown in full or actual size, and is indicated generally at 1. The drier or spindle is generally tubular in form, the same having a bore 2, open at both ends. The central or hair rolling or receiving portion of the drier has a longitudinally concave periphery, the smallest diameter being indicated at 3, and the largest or maximum diameter at 4, near the ends thereof. The drier, as shown, terminates in hubs 5, the diameters of which are reduced with respect to the maximum diameter r4, thereby forming shoulders 6. I prefer to make that portion of the drier thus far described, of a material of low heat conductivity and of a material adapted to very slowly release the heat once imparted thereto. An earthen or porcelain material meets my requirements in this respect.

y In order to protect the head of the subject from contact with any heated portion of the drier, however mild, I will next describe a means herein' shown for that purpose.

0n the hubs 5, I apply collar guards 7 preferably of heat insulating material such as fiber or rubber. These guards 7, have cylindrical bore 8, adapted to fit snugly onto the hubs 5, and the guards may be secured by means such as pins 9. Aside from the broad feature of heat insulating guards mounted upon a hair drier, I claim it a feature of novelty to cone the collar guards so that the largest external diameter will be outwardly disposed, as at 10, while the lesser diameter will be at the inner portions of the guards, as indicated at 11. This feature is also enhanced by so proportioning the guards that the lesser diametrical portions 11, will project slightly from the major diameter 4,

of the heater, thereby never permitting the heater to actually come into contact with the head of the subject. It is a further feature to cone or slope the guards inwardly in gen-A eral accordance with the inwardly sloping concavity of the drier so that while the col,v

lars serve to prevent the drier from actually coming into contact'with the head of the subject, they will never-the-less permit the drier to come into such close proximity to the head as to roll the hair onto the drier very close to the roots, or to the head of the subject, as clearly shown in Fig. 4.

I will next describe my improved heating stick which serves to impart and store up heat in the drier.

My improved heater stickis indicated at 12,

and may be made up of any suitable material' affording a high coefficient of heat conductivity and be wired in a manner within the skill of an electrician, to provide a propel source of electric heat.` The heater is prof vided with an enlarged portion 13, which mayV contain suitable circuit closers in the form of mmute buttons 14 and 15, for turning the current on and off. This enlargement or switch box 13, alsoforms a stop or shoulder, which functions to prevent the heater from being inserted into the `drier beyond a predetermined extent, as shown in Fig. 1. In practice, I prefer to provide a stick wherein all heat radiation will be confined to that portion of the drier between the guards 7. Thus, the length of the heater is such that when the box 13, engages one end of the drier, the end 16, of the stick will be approximately onv a line with the inside edge of the remote collar guard?. I also provide the stick 12, with a nonheat conducting portion 17, approximately of a length equal to the width of one collar 7, so that heat will be generated to the drier between the collar guards, where the heat is needed, and what heat flows to the ends of the drier will not raise the latter to the same temperature as the central or hair winding peripheral portion of the drier.

Further, I consider it a feature to merely have the heater stick 12, fit snugly in the bore 2, and be insertable therein from either end of the drier thereby facilitating the operation of forming a water Wave with right or left handed users, and irrespective of any lateral obstructions.

I have shown the heater stick connected with an electric cord 18, adapted to be provided with a suitable plug or like connection for attachment to a suitable source of'current, not shown. i

I will next describethe preferred manner in which the hair is treated, in accordance with my invention.

With the heating stick removed, on-e of the heatersl, is selected by the operator and a segregated lock of hair 19, is grasped, and beginning with the tip ends, the hair is rolled up on the drier 1, until the drier reaches the head 20, as shown in Fig. 4. Now it will be seen that the lock of hair 19, is not twisted, but is entirely straight, and only enough tension is applied to afford a smooth roll of hair. It will also be noted that the tip ends of the hair lock:v 19, are started near the center 3, which is of the smallest diameter, and that consequently, as the roll increases, the hair is free to spread on the longitudinally concave peripher. of the drier. By means of this construction, I obtain a more uniform Contact of the 'hair with the periphery of the drier than would be the case if the drier were Cylindrical in form. Further, it will be noted that as the roll of hair is being formed, which has previously been sufficiently moistened with water, the lock is rolled up in suplerimposed convolutions into one integral ro It will also be not-ed that after the roll is formed, it is thicker near the center than near the edges, and consequently the thinner cross section of the drier at 3, affords a quicker heating action than the thicker portions near the ends 4, where the thickness of the hair roll decreases.

After the hair has been rolled, as shown in Fig. 4, or after all the locks of hair have been rolled, each drier is suitably secured by a comb or hair pin, in a manner well known to skilled operators.

One heater stick may serve for one head or subject, but more can be provided if necessary. A stick 12, will be inserted into the driers when the latter are in the position shown in Fig. 4. The stick will be left in the drier 1, just long enough for the latter to absorb enough heatto vaporize ofi" the moisture previously imparted to the hair. Such a heat would not be so great but what the drier could be held by the fingers of the hand, and would be below the boiling point of Water. As soon as the drier had absorbed the required amount of heat, the stick 12, would be Withdrawn, and inserted in another drier, and so on, successively until all the driers on the head of the subject had been heated.

It will be noted that by this improved method, the heat will never in any event be too intense as the operator can readily judge by the fingers when the heat is suiicient.

Now by reason of the fact that the driers are made of a material that releases the heat slowly, such as porcelain. the moisture in the roll of hair will be quickly but very gently dissipated or vaporized off as the stored up heat radiates off from the drier. The heat is thus applied to the interior of the hair roll and radiates oi' radially outwardly through the roll of hair. Should it be found desirable or necessary, and this is a feature of the invention, a thermos lamp, or any ordinary electric lamp having a shade 21, which serves to localize its gentle. rays of heat, may be applied as shown in Fig. 4, to Subj ect the exterior of the hair roll to a drying heat. Thus externally and internally, the hair roll is heated, and the hair on the drier `is completely exposed so that the drying action will thereby be facilitated. Because of the fact that the hair is dried out by the radiation of stored heat, and is not subjected to the action of a directly heated body, the hair is never discolored, and its initial structure is not changed, as in the case of direct heat application. By means of the joint application of heat both externally and internally, rthe operation of drying is hastened and made thorough, although it is within the province of my invention to omit the external heat.

After the hair rolls have been dried out, the combs or other attaching or holding means are withdrawn and the driers 1 are unrolled until the hair tips of the locks are freed. Then the hair is shifted by the iingers of the operator reversely and transversely of the longitudinal axisof the lock in order to produce the sinuous form known as the water wave, as shown in Fig. 6. y

It is believed that my invention will be clearly understood from the foregoing description and I do not Wish to be limited thereto except vfor such limiations as the claims may impart.

I claim:

1. A method of preparing the hair for water Waving human hair, which consists, in Winding a water moistened lock of untwisted hair in superimposed convolutions into a roll with the exterior of the roll eX- posed, in vaporizing off the moisture While the hair is rolled under low hea-t, and in unrollin the lock and shifting the hairs thereof a ternately and reversely of the longitudinal axis of the lock to `form the latter into a sinuous wave.

2. A method of preparing the hair for water waving human hair, which consists, in winding a lock of water moistened-hair beginning with the end tips and winding close to the head with the convolutions in superimposed relation and forming a single roll, in vaporizing off the moisture from the interior of the hair roll outwardly under low heat, in un-Winding the rolled lock, and in reversely and laterally shifting the hair lock to form the same into a sinuous wave.

3. The sub-combination of the herein-described method which comprises preparation of the hair to be waved, which consists, in winding a tapered lock of water moistened hair from the tip end toward the roots into a roll of convolutions with the hair gently tensioned, in causing the gently tensioned hair to spreadas the same isr being rolled to facilitate drying the same, and in applying a low vaporizing drying heat tothe spread roll of hair to vaporize off the mois` ture.

4. The sub-combination of the herein-de` scribed method which comprises preparation of the hair to be waved, consisting, in winding a tapered lock of liquid moistened hair about a transversely circular and longitudinally concave surface thereby causing the hair to spread laterally of the lock as it is being Wound into a roll, and the hair being under a` gentle tension, and in applying a gentle vaporizing heat to the interior of the roll to dry the latter.

5. A method of water Waving human hair, which consists, in losely winding a lock of -liquid moistened un-twisted hair from the tip end toward the roots into a roll of superimposed convolutions with the hair gently tensioned, in causing the gently tensioned hair to spread as it is being Wound into a roll, to facilitate drying the same, in applying a gentle vaporizing heat to the interior of the roll to dry the same, in unwinding the roll, and in reversely shifting the lock to form the latter into a smuous Wave.

l um

6. mile heimdescribededeviee ifm' water Waving hair, comprisingya generally tubular drierhavi'mg alhiizr winding periphery'longitudinaHy/eoncave from its "ends ftoward `its center and termiuatinglinfreduced guard supportingy hubs,y collarpgnards mounted on seid hubs and formed of materifal'of 10W 'heat conductivity, said guards being 'externally coned to periphemllyslope towardlthe center of :said drier andthe Inost'reduced diamletx'ical portions of said guards having a diameter greater thainithe greatest .diameter eshid dzrier.

- 1?. The herrein-described devicefur water waving huir,` comprising, ageneraillyrtubular drier having, bore therethroughand=provid ed fun its rends with heat Vinsulating `collar guards, u stick heater adapted for insertion into the bore of said drieL-saidvheater having anfenlargementlimiting insertion of said heatertodispose the free end thereof sufbstnnt'rali'y at the inner edge of `the :collar guardadjacerrtfthereto, 'that portion of said heater adjacent said enlargement being insllnzted against heatradiation for a. distance equal to they length uff-that collmxguau'd adj acent theret0,' whereby saidheaterwill directly increase the temperature of said drier konly between 'said collar guards. au 8. A'hair waving device comprising a gen orally `tubular :drier hav-'ing a fbore vtherethrough andfprovided on'its ends 'withiheat insulating collarguardga stic'khe'ater adapted orinsertion inetheiboreofsaid drier,-said heater khauling an `enlargement limiting insertion of said'heater to dispesethe lree'end thereof :substantial'y at; the inner fedgeuf the collar: guard: adjacent thereto. l ,'In'estimony whereof, I have-hereunto set 40 my hand.

ELIAS WIHTN'EY BOYDEN. 

